Russian news agencies quoted security officials as saying the soldiers were traveling in an armored vehicle in the Vedeno district of the restive republic when it was hit by a land mine.
Gunmen opened fire on the troops after the explosion.
Chechnya is the site of two wars pitting rebels against federal forces since 1994.
Large-scale battles ended years ago, but the republic continues to see rebel attacks against federal troops and forces of the Moscow-backed government.
(RIA Novosti, Interfax, Reuters)