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The wife of jailed Iranian teacher Hashem Khastar has told RFE/RL's Radio Farda that poor prison conditions have caused her husband's health to deteriorate.

Khastar is among a number of Iranian teachers imprisoned for being politically active. A member of the Iranian Teachers Trade Association, Khastar has been detained in Vakilabad prison in Iran's northeastern city of Mashad since September 16.

His wife, Sadigheh Malekifard, said that her husband, who suffers from a heart condition, has recently developed high blood pressure and, as a result, eye problems. She said that authorities have refused repeated requests to grant Khastar medical leave to receive treatment.

Activists say the crackdown in Iran on teachers like Khastar has escalated since Mahmud Ahmadinejad became president in 2005.

A Tehran-based teacher activist who requested anonymity told Radio Farda on May 2 -- Teachers' Day in Iran -- that more than 150 teachers have been dismissed in Iran in recent years for their activism.

With its relatively young population, education holds an important place in Iranian society and political life and consumes a considerable amount of the state budget, although schools are chronically underfunded and teachers complain of being underpaid.

"Our problem is that while the poverty line, according to Iran's Central Bank, is around $900 per month, teachers -- even those holding a master's degree or a doctorate -- are paid less than that," the teacher activist said.

Teachers have been particularly vocal in their criticism of Iran's government. The teachers are also well organized, giving groups like the Iranian Teachers Trade Association a strong voice in the country's otherwise weakened civil society.

Some educators are being harshly punished for speaking out. The Tehran-based activist told RFE/RL that some of the best teachers have been imprisoned or have even received death sentences for their activism.

Examples include teacher Farzad Kamangar, who was arrested in 2006 for alleged membership in an opposition group. Another, Abdolreza Ghanbari, was arrested for taking part in protests on the religious holiday of Ashura in December.

Both have been sentenced to death.
Six journalists from the "Ekspress" newspaper chained themselves to a Budapest-to-Moscow train today in the western Ukrainian city of Lviv to protest restrictions on the independent media, RFE/RL Ukrainian Service reports.

The protest was carried out under the motto "Where are we going?"

More than 50 journalists in total took part in the action at the Lviv train station.

"Ekspress" journalists chained themselves to a train.
The journalists told RFE/RL they intentionally chained themselves to the train that goes from Europe -- where press freedom exists -- to Russia, where they said it is limited. They added that Ukraine is at a crossroads between Russia and the West.

"Ekspress" editor in chief Ihor Pochynok said that since Viktor Yanukovych became president earlier this year, the situation regarding independent media outlets has significantly worsened.

He said freedom of speech exists only "on paper" and that journalists in Yanukovych's Ukraine do not feel safe.

The protesters demanded the Prosecutor-General's Office open a case according to Article 171 of Ukraine's Criminal Code on "obstruction of journalistic activity."

In March, a case was filed against the Ekspress publishing group that alleged it had failed to pay 2.6 million hryvnia (about $328,000) in taxes. The publisher said the additional demand is illegal and the charges were "fabricated."

In April, several "Ekspress" journalists were beaten by police.

Today's protest was the third action in recent months. "Ekspress" journalists said they are prepared to take more determined steps if authorities do not react to their demands.

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"Watchdog" is a blog with a singular mission -- to monitor the latest developments concerning human rights, civil society, and press freedom. We'll pay particular attention to reports concerning countries in RFE/RL's broadcast region.

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