Lawmakers voted against the reappointment of Chief Justice Fazel Hadi Shinwari, an Islamic conservative.
Human Rights Watch says Shinwari has a record of ignoring human rights standards.
Karzai has nominated eight other new justices for the nine-member Supreme Court. Lawmakers have so far approved two and rejected three. The court is considered highly influential in Afghanistan, particularly in determining the influence of Islam in government.
(AP)
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